2015年湖北考研英語模擬試題：閱讀理解（三）

湖北2015年考研英語模擬試題：閱讀理解（三）

　　Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

　　This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or - independently of any course - simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

　　We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified inpiduals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

　　We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

　　1. According to the passage, 'scientific subculture' means

　　[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

　　[B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited.

　　[C] the scientific community.

　　[D] people who make good contribution to science.

　　2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because

　　[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

　　[B] Science affects almost every aspect of our life.

　　[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.

　　[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

　　3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who

　　[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

　　[B] are good at producing various gadgets.

　　[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.

　　[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.

　　4. According to this passage,

　　[A] English is a sexist language.

　　[B] only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

　　[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.

　　[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

　　5. This passage most probably is

　　[A] a book review.

　　[B] the preface of a book.

　　[C] the postscript of a book.

　　[D] the concluding part of a book.

　　[答案與考點解析]

　　1. 【答案】A

　　【考點解析】本題是一道標(biāo)點符號題。通過本題題干中的“solitary”一詞可將本題的答案信息中心確定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句話，通過仔細(xì)閱讀和理解本句話以及本句前后的兩句話，可以得出本題的正確選項A。其實美國的女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動者并不“孤單”(solitary)，因為她們的思想和行動是和歐洲大陸的女權(quán)主義者有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，是國際女權(quán)運(yùn)動的一部分?？忌诮忸}時要善于理解標(biāo)點符號，更要善于對原文的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。

　　2. 【答案】B

　　【考點解析】本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)推導(dǎo)題。根據(jù)本題題干中的“European historians”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第二段第四句，通過閱讀本句分號前后的內(nèi)容，可以推導(dǎo)出作者的態(tài)度是否定的，其否定原因是第二段第四句分號前半部分所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是B?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意原文細(xì)節(jié)的推導(dǎo)，尤其是分句之間存在因果關(guān)系的時候。

　　3. 【答案】D

　　【考點解析】這是一道歸納推導(dǎo)題。但是本題的題干確沒有明確給出本題在原文中的準(zhǔn)確信息來源。這時考生就會迷失答題思路。請同學(xué)們一定要記?。好慨?dāng)自己迷失答題思路時，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主題句，這會幫助考生尋找到解題的思路。本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是D，因為選項D所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容和本文尾段第一、二句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容相反。選項A、B、C的內(nèi)容分別在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解題時一定要牢記段落主題句。

　　4. 【答案】A

　　【考點解析】這是一道審題定位題。從本題題干中的“envisioned”(設(shè)想，預(yù)想)一詞可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在倒數(shù)第二段第一句和第二句，因為倒數(shù)第二段第一句含有“project”(計劃，規(guī)劃)一詞，倒數(shù)第二段第二句含有表示未來的“would”一詞。通過仔細(xì)閱讀倒數(shù)第二段的第一、二句話，發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩句話都包含“globe”或“world”，可見本題的正確選項應(yīng)該是A?？忌诮忸}時一定要善于利用題干中的詞語迅速而準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行審題定位。

　　5. 【答案】B

　　【考點解析】這是一道反推題。通過本題題干中的“most Saint-Simonians”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在尾段的第一句。根據(jù)尾段第一句進(jìn)行反推即逆向思維，可得出本題的正確答案是B。考生在解題時一定要時時牢記反推題型，并且經(jīng)常利用自己的逆向思維能力。

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