2013年湖北專升本大學(xué)英語考試詞匯和語法要求

湖北2013年專升本大學(xué)英語考試詞匯和語法要求

1. 專升本大學(xué)英語詞匯要求

領(lǐng)會式掌握4000個(gè)左右的單詞,以及由這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組（包括中學(xué)所掌握的詞和詞組），并且有按照基本構(gòu)詞法識別生詞的能力。

2. 大學(xué)英語對升本語法結(jié)構(gòu)要求

鞏固和加深基本語法知識，提高在語篇水平上運(yùn)用語法知識的能力。

●考核學(xué)生對語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語用法的掌握程度。

●重視詞匯和語法的學(xué)習(xí)。不能只求記住多少單詞、詞組的意義和語法規(guī)則, 要做到靈活運(yùn)用。

B. 考查重點(diǎn)

1. 詞匯考查重點(diǎn)

1. 動(dòng)詞、名詞與介詞的搭配如：popular (patient)＋with；
yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；
accuse／require＋of；
charge＋for；
under＋discussion等等。

習(xí)慣用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；
be supposed to／have (make) sb．＋do等。

2. 由同一動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語如：come，go，set，break等構(gòu)成的短語。

3. 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞、抽象名詞、形容詞和副詞多以近義詞、同義詞的形式出現(xiàn)。

4. 介詞短語在句中作狀語如：in terms of；
with the exception of；
in vain等，另外還應(yīng)注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等詞在考題中出現(xiàn)。

2. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)考查重點(diǎn)

1．基本語法知識：詞類，非謂語動(dòng)詞，名詞從句，形容詞從句，副詞從句，獨(dú)立主格，一致，倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)等。

2．語法結(jié)構(gòu)重點(diǎn)為內(nèi)容龐雜較難掌握的項(xiàng)目，如：虛擬語氣，狀語從句，定語從句，獨(dú)立主格，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

1）虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)

① would rather＋that從句+ ;

② It is vital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative／desirable／advisable／natural／essential＋that+ ；

③ It is time／about time／high time＋that+ ; proposal／suggestion＋that+ ；

④ lest＋that＋should+ ；

⑤ if only＋that＋would+ 。

2）狀語從句的考點(diǎn)

① 非if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，此類句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等來替代if；

② 由even if／so，now that，for all等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；

③ just／hardly…when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；

④ more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。

3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成時(shí)形式連用。

5）定語從句重點(diǎn)考查介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（which）和as作為關(guān)系代詞。

C. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)考試三大難點(diǎn)

1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：邏輯主語

1）She being my friend, I should have helped her. ( 人稱代詞邏輯主語用主格,邏輯主語與分詞形成主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞)

2）More time given, we should have done it much better. (邏輯主語與分詞形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)）用過去分詞)

3）The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.(強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間在主語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間之前用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí))

4）Her money (having been )stolen, she couldn’t buy a plane ticket for her home. (同上，此句中being / having been?？墒÷?

5）There being no bus, we had to go back home on foot.( there being +邏輯主語是獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，表示存在，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語)

2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成時(shí)連用

1） should +have+過去分詞

表示過去“本應(yīng)該……而實(shí)際未做”，暗示說話人對自己的責(zé)備、抱怨或遺憾的意思。否定結(jié)構(gòu)為shouldn’t +have+過去分詞，表示過去“本不應(yīng)該……”而實(shí)際上做了的動(dòng)作。

How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.

You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.

2） must + have + 過去分詞

表示對過去情況的推測，意為“一定， 想必，可能”。表示對過去情況的否定推測用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 過去分詞”，不用“mustn’t + have + 過去分詞”，反意疑問句用have (has)。有明確表示過去時(shí)間的狀語（before 除外）時(shí)反意疑問句用did。

Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.

The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.

He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?

He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?

3） may (might) + have + 過去分詞

表示對過去情況的推測。用might + have + 過去分詞可以用于肯定句、否定句，但不用于疑問句。

In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.

Might he have been caught and killed? 錯(cuò)誤

4） can (could) + have+過去分詞

表示對過去情況的推測。用于疑問句和否定句，不用于肯定句。

They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.

Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.

5） need + have +過去分詞

表示過去“沒有必要做”，有責(zé)備的意思。否定形式表示 “做了本不應(yīng)該……”的事。

Need you have watched TV last night?

You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.

6） would + have + 過去分詞

表示“本應(yīng)該……，而未……”，would like to have + 過去分詞表示“過去希望做……但未……”。

We would have argued with you.

I would like to have seen the film.

3. 關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別

1）當(dāng)非限制性定語從句放到主句的前面時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as，而不用which。

As is planned, we got there before eight.

2）As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指表示積極的意義，與主句是順理成章，不能與之矛盾。若非限制性定語從句表示消極的意義，只用which。

He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope.

Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad.

3）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如：賓+補(bǔ)；
不定式短語；
動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語等) 時(shí)，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。

She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true.

He asked her to help him with his English, which she did.

4） as 在非限制性定語從句中，還常跟such連用。

There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children.

4. as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。

as is well known / as we all know 眾所周知 as is said above 正如上面所說

as might be imagined 正如所想象的那樣 as is reported 如報(bào)道所說

as has been pointed 如所指出的那樣 as is expected 正如所料