2015年湖北考研英語精選模擬試卷及答案解析三

湖北2015年考研英語精選模擬試卷及答案解析三

　　
Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)

　　From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind's future 3 and cultural growth increased.

　　Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

　　Current 11 of innateness theory(天生論) are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

　　16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

　　1. [A] generated [B] evolved [C] born [D] originated

　　2. [A] valuable [B] appropriate [C] convenient [D] favorite

　　3. [A] attainments [B] feasibility [C] entertainments [D] evolution

　　4. [A] essential [B] available [C] reliable [D] responsible

　　5. [A] confirm [B] inform [C] claim [D] convince

　　6. [A] for [B] from [C] of [D] with

　　7. [A] organizations [B] organisms [C] humans [D] children

　　8. [A] potential [B] performance [C] preference [D] passion

　　9. [A] as [B] just as [C] like [D] unlike

　　10. [A] ideological [B] biological [C] social [D] psychological

　　11. [A] reviews [B] reference [C] reaction [D] recommendation

　　12. [A] In a word [B] In a sense [C] Indeed [D] In other words

　　13. [A] various [B] different [C] the higher [D] the lower

　　14. [A] revealed [B] exposed [C] engaged [D] involved

　　15. [A] regulations [B] formations [C] rules [D] constitutions

　　16. [A] Although [B] Whether [C] Since [D] When

　　17. [A] distinguished [B] different [C] protected [D] isolated

　　18. [A] exposition [B] comparison [C] contrast [D] interaction

　　19. [A] acquisition [B] appreciation [C] requirement [D] alternative

　　20. [A] As a result [B] After all [C] In other words [D] Above all

　　
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　When Howell Raines was made executive editor of the New York Times in 2001, he brought with him a reputation as a fearless and independent newsman. Within days, al-Qaeda (基地組織) struck the World Trade Centre, and the coverage he oversaw turned him into an editorial legend, his army of reporters winning an unprecedented number of Pulitzer prizes.

　　Yet, not a year and a half later, the discovery of fabrication by a young reporter triggered a managerial crisis that destroyed Mr Raines's career and exposed the newspaper to ridicule for being unable to detect a pathological(病態(tài)的) liar in its own newsroom. Not long afterwards, another reporter, who was also a favourite of Mr Raines's, departed as questions were being raised as to whether he had actually reported the stories appearing under his name. A year on, many inside the world's best known paper of record and integrity still worry if its reputation can be restored.

　　Mr Raines got the editorship after pledging to raise the paper's "competitive metabolism" (新陳代謝). The newspaper's publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, had had ample opportunities to see his flaws. As bureau chief in Washington, DC, Mr Raines had treated a small group of reporters like pets, earning the dislike of the rest. Similar opinions had been voiced when he ran the newspaper's editorial page. But in each place, Mr Raines had made the New York Times noticed. And for Mr Sulzberger, that seemed to be an answer to a problem.

　　Circulation had been stagnant for years, despite attempts to establish the New York Times as America's national paper. According to Seth Mnookin, a noted columnist, Mr Sulzberger and Mr Raines both felt that the newspaper was badly in need of a change. In Mr Raines's hands, this meant putting enormous pressure on getting the impossible story. The paper had also been making an effort to persify the racial mix of its employees, a goal that Mr Raines endorsed. Both objectives converged in the career of Jayson Blair, whose talent as a writer was matched by his dishonesty as a reporter. His career was advanced by Mr Raines despite the trail of errors and suspect scoops (獨(dú)家新聞) that he left.

　　After the Blair disaster, a painful self-examination began at the New York Times which continues today. Among other things, a kind of devil's advocate was hired to criticise the paper's workings, and to go public about its contradictions. Daniel Okrent's column is one of the newspaper's more provocative, addressing its left-of-centre world view and its use of outside sources to provide false objectivity for its own conclusions. Perhaps the result of all this will be the change that Mr Sulzberger was seeking.

　　21. Jason Blair was hired by the New York Times, because he .

　　[A] he proved to be a good reporter in getting some hot stories

　　[B] he was a long time favorite reporter of Mr Raines'

　　[C] he promised to boost the circulation of the newspaper

　　[D] he was talented and racially correct at the right time

　　22. Mr Raines' career was destroyed because he .

　　[A] failed to notify his publisher of the change of the editorial policy

　　[B] was held responsible for allowing unfounded stories to be published

　　[C] supported a young reporter in making up unfounded stories

　　[D] took no action when the reputation of the newspaper was questioned

　　23. Mr Raines was made executive editor of the newspaper because .

　　[A] he promised to enhance the competiveness of the newspaper

　　[B] he had run the bureau in DC and the editorial section of the newspaper#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

　　[C] Mr Sulzerberger believed that he could reshape the newspaper

　　[D] he knew how to spur his reporters and get hot stories done

　　24. The author thinks Daniel Okrent .

　　[A] never hesitates to expose the contradictions of the newspaper

　　[B] always supports his conclusions with his own investigations

　　[C] is critical of the management of the newspaper

　　[D] fails to offer a balanced view on the subject he addresses

　　25. The expression "the impossible story" (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means .

　　[A] a news report of unusual proportions[B] an unfounded news report

　　[C] a report completed with difficulty [D] a news story aiming at making a stir

　　Text 2

　　For the generation that grew up during the feminist revolution and the rapid social change of the 1960s and 1970s, it at first seemed achievement enough just to "make it" in a man's world. But coupled with their ambition, today's women have developed a fierce determination to find new options for being both parent and professional without sacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyond redemption.

　　Women have done all of the accommodating in terms of time, energy, and personal sacrifice that is humanly possible, and still they have not reached true integration in the workplace. For a complicated set of reasons-many beyond their control-they feel conflict between their careers and their children. All but a rare few quickly dispel the myth that superwomen ever existed.

　　For many women, profession and family are pitted against one another on a high-stakes collision course. Women's values are stacked against the traditions of their professions. In the home, men and women struggle to figure out how dual-career marriages should work. Role conflict for women reaches far beyond the fundamental work/family dilemma to encompass a whole constellation of fiercely competing priorities. Women today find themselves in an intense battle with a society that cannot let go of a narrowly defined work ethic that is supported by a family structure that has not existed for decades. The unspoken assumption persists that there is still a woman at home to raise the children and manage the household. But the economic reality is that most people, whether in two-parent or single-parent families, need to work throughout their adult lives. As a consequence, the majority of today's mothers are in the labor market.

　　The first full-fledged generation of women in the professions did not talk about their overbooked agenda or the toll it took on them and their families. They knew that their position in the office was shaky at best. With virtually no choice in the matter, they bought into the traditional notion of success in the workplace-usually attained at the high cost of giving up an involved family life. If they suffered self-doubt or frustration about how hollow professional success felt without complementary rewards from the home, they blamed themselves-either for expecting too much or for doing too little. And they asked themselves questions that held no easy answers: Am I expecting too much? Is it me? Am I alone in this dilemma? Do other women truly have it all?

　　26. According to the passage, today's women .

　　[A] want to achieve a balance between her loyalties to work and family

　　[B] are stronger advocates of gender equality than the older generation

　　[C] do not want to sacrifice anything at all for the desired liberation

　　[D] are getting no nearer to achieving their ambition in life

　　27. What is the myth held by some "superwomen"?

　　[A] Personal careers can be reconciled with parental responsibilities.

　　[B] The devotion to career weighs more than the regard for children.

　　[C] They can resist the temptation of ambition to make great achievements

　　[D] The conflicts between careers and children can be resolved.

　　28. In what way do women today find themselves in an intense battle with the society?

　　[A] The society regards women as less able to perform social tasks.

　　[B] Women do too much about their career and too little about their families.

　　[C] The society still holds the traditional image about a family.

　　[D] Women no longer regard the family as a basic unit of the society.

　　29. When women fail to achieve a balance between work and children, they .

　　[A] let things go their own courses[B] admit that they are not superwomen

　　[C] usually choose to give up their work[D] often blame themselves for it

　　30. The author's attitude towards women dilemma seems to be one of .

　　[A] suspicion [B] indifference [C] irony [D] sympathy

　　Text 3

　　The entrepreneur, according to French economist J. B. Say, "is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield." But Say's definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and non-monetary rewards.

　　The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald's. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.

　　Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were "above" the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the independent inpiduals of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e. g. consulting and law) to serve clients.

　　Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors. Searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald's is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.

　　31. According to the passage, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?

　　[A] A person knowing how to run his business.

　　[B] The owner of a profitable restaurant.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

　　[C] An innovative business starter.

　　[D] A person who disregards business risks.

　　32. "Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common" probably means .

　　[A] there wasn't much difference between entrepreneurs and professionals

　　[B] entrepreneurs in the past seemed to were live in an isolated world

　　[C] both entrepreneurs and professionals were workaholic in the past

　　[D] entrepreneurs were those professionals conscious of risks

　　33. From the passage, we learn that .

　　[A] an entrepreneur always has the courage to take risks

　　[B] an entrepreneur understand the market is fluctuating

　　[C] opportunities never favor those who don't understand the market

　　[D] an entrepreneur is sensitive and responsive to the market

　　34. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .

　　[A] complete the definition of entrepreneur

　　[B] explain the main characteristics of entrepreneurs

　　[C] show what kind of people can become entrepreneurs

　　[D] illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur

　　35. What will most possibly follow the text?

　　[A] An example of how an entrepreneur operates.

　　[B] Another theory about entrepreneurship.

　　[C] The bad effects of entrepreneurs.

　　[D] The good effects of entrepreneurs.

　　Text 4

　　If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏縮) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today's scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.

　　A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today's leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.

　　The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief," Mr. Horgan says.

　　The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s-the genetic code, plate tectonics (板塊構(gòu)造說), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang-genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research than ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.

　　Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today's? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don't get me wrong," says Mr. Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress. "

　　36. By saying that "most of the best things have already been located", the author means .

　　[A] man now enjoys most of the best things that life can offer

　　[B] man has discovered most of the great treasures in the world

　　[C] so many discoveries are waiting to made by man

　　[D] we should not expect to see many genuine scientific revolutions

　　37. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　[A] John Horgan is shocked by the reaction to The End of Science.

　　[B] The End of Science becomes a target of criticisms in the United States.

　　[C] There are many unresolved problems in the world.

　　[D] The discovery of the genetic code is hailed as a revolutionary discovery.

　　38. Genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades are scare because .

　　[A] there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science

　　[B] there are too many important things for scientists to study

　　[C] applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy

　　[D] scientists in our times are not as intelligent as those in the past

　　39. The term "the scientific enterprise" (Line 8, Para. 4) probably refers to .

　　[A] enterprises funded or supported by scientists

　　[B] any undertaking initiated by scientists

　　[C] the industriousness that scientists demonstrate

　　[D] the number of scientists all over the world

　　40. Which of the following statements may be TRUE of the passage?

　　[A] Great scientific discoveries will never be possible.

　　[B] Scientists have to be ready for the challenge in our times

　　[C] State sponsorship is not necessary to facilitate scientific discoveries.

　　[D] Chances for great scientific discoveries have become scarce.

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a text about the tips on marketing success, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.

　　Philip Kotler is the S. C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Amongst his many books is Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, the most widely used marketing book in graduate business schools worldwide.

　　In his interview with CNN, Professor Kotler offers his top tips for marketing success.

　　Look at what you are doing now

　　"Start by looking at the marketing activities you use and the marketing skills you have. You are probably doing a lot of the right things already. However, you should: 1) research what your market wants; 2) decide on your objectives, identify and choose your target customer groups and position your business to serve your chosen market profitably; 3) put the plan to work through selling and promoting your products and services to customers, through pricing and using appropriate distributors and agents effectively; and, finally, 4) monitor the effectiveness of your marketing activities in terms of customer satisfaction and the impact on your bottom line."

　　(41) Come in under the radar

　　Building a brand is a roll-out process, not a drop everywhere in the world at one time.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

　　(42) Know your customer

　　"There are still too many CEOs who identify marketing with selling and advertising. But marketing has evolved to be not only product centered but customer centered. We are saying you've got to understand and choose the customers you want to serve. Don't just go after everyone. Define the target market carefully through segmentation and then really position yourself as different and as superior to that target market. Don't go into that target market if you-re not superior.

　　(43) Own your branding

　　"We are not in a state of competition anymore; we-re in a state of hyper-competition. So people are desperately looking for handles-functional features, emotional appeals-that will draw people to their product.

　　(44) Stay ahead of the competition

　　"The worst thing is that if something works, your competitors are going to clone it and before you know it anything that you had as a differentiator is imitated by the others. So you're in the business of constant innovation. Constantly asking yourself, three years from now, what will our differentiator be?

　　(45) Make it an experience

　　"There's a big movement to say, we're not just adding services to our business and our product, we're actually trying to design an experience. You'll see that language being used. We're in the experience design business."

　　Mr Kotler concluded, "Every person, every organization, every place, every celebrity is going to be known in some fashion. Now you can manage that or you can leave it to chance. I don't know of any sector that is not involved in marketing whether they call it that or something else.

　　[A] An increasing number of business schools are teaching marketing communications using an IMC-oriented textbook. First, this prepares the student to understand the role of different communication vehicles. Second, it makes the point that the company's brand and customer message must be communicated consistently through all media. Thus, if a company wants to be known for its high quality, it has to produce high quality and communicate high quality in all of its messages. "

　　[B] We are trying to make the case that it's much more important for a company to be customer-centric than product-centric. The same customer you have for product X may be available for product Y and Z and so on. And you won't know that if you have separate product managers, each only concerned with selling his or her product. "

　　[C] We should think of owning a word or a phrase that helps to build customer retention and loyalty. Look at how we buy the Mercedes because it's the best engineered car. We buy a BMW because it's the best driving performance. We buy the Volvo because it's the safest automobile. A lot of these companies lose that edge too, but they don't lose the impression. "

　　[D] "I had the CEO of a large company approach me and ask me to sign a copy of my book, which I always do, but this was a first edition from 1967. I looked at the book and I said I won't sign it. 'Why not?' he asked. I said, that book is from before there was the Internet. It has very little on branding, so I think it's useless. At which point he said to me, 'Are you trying to sell me a new copy?'And I said, 'Yes, but it's not for my benefit-I don't need the money.' Markets change, so marketing has to change."

　　[E] Do you know what the best selling imported beer is in the United States? It's Corona. Who would expect a beer from Mexico to be popular? The fact is it's a terrific beer. But they didn't just come to the U.S. and put it everywhere. They went to the cities with a Mexican population-Los Angeles, Chicago, New York -and then they put it in restaurants and stores there. The key to brand-building is to have something good that you roll-out in a very intelligent way. Maybe even invisibly for a while because you want to be under the radar screen of competitors. "

　　[F] Starbucks is a very good example where coffee is coffee but they decided to sell it differently, put a higher price, make it good-tasting and make it an experience rather than just some coffee. In fact, I've heard that if Starbucks closed its shops, a lot of people would go crazy. They are in such a habit of going to the Starbucks before work, taking the coffee, and they'd become desperate otherwise. "

　　Part C

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)

　　Every year college enrolment time in China brings many controversies and stories. Rising tuition fees, the chances of poverty-stricken students entering colleges, enrolment corruption, regional equality of enrolment, curriculum reforms-all are themes of vigorous public debate. A topic of hot debate is the regional equality of the country's college enrolment.

　　(46) China's colleges are mostly publicly invested, with some key national universities, such as Peking University and Tsinghua University, financed by the central government, with the others mainly funded by local governments. The Ministry of Education sets quotas for these key colleges and universities concerning how many students they should enroll from different regions. They are entitled to make small adjustments to the quota plan.

　　(47) The issue of regional equality arises from the fact that many of the high-quality national universities financed by the central government admit a large proportion of students from where they are located, putting applicants from other regions at a "disadvantage."

　　Some people argue that since these national universities are financed by the central government funds, or taxation paid by people from all regions, they should not favour local candidates. By not doing so, they are damaging educational equality. (48) Proponents of the differentiated enrolment policy argue that these universities have received various policy supports from local governments and it is justifiable for them to offer preferential terms to local applicants. Both arguments hold water, since this is a complicated question with no easy answers.

　　It is a practice in many countries to favour, to a varied extent, local candidates in the enrolment programmes of colleges and universities. In China's case, these top national universities are mostly located in economically prosperous regions, where local taxpayers contribute relatively more to the central government's revenues.

　　On the other hand, since the country's college enrolment is mainly based on the marks applicants achieve in the national examinations, the region-based selective enrolment policy would lead to the scenario that some students with lesser marks can enter the top universities while others who get higher marks cannot.

　　(49) Admittedly, given China's unbalanced educational levels among different regions, the enrolment of a top national university cannot be equally split among different regions if it is to pick the best students. But an excessive preferential policy does not contribute to equality, either.

　　(50) A long-term solution would lie in the improvement of China's overall higher education system, in which more colleges and universities can offer quality services and compete with those top national ones. In this way, students would have more choices and educational equality would be better achieved.

　　
Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51.Directions:

　　Write a letter to a professor indicating that you wish to pursue your postgraduate study under his supervision. Your letter should include:

　　1) a brief introduction to your academic background;

　　2) the reasons why you wish to study under him;#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

　　3) your wish to get a reply from the professor.

　　Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52.Directions:

　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

　　You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)

　
　答 案

　　Section One BAADC DBAAB ACDBC ADDAC

　　Section Two DBADB ADCDD CCDBA DAABD EBCDF

　　答案精析

　　Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　1. [答 案] B動詞辨析。此句的意思為： "當(dāng)人類剛剛開始進(jìn)化,他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫\(yùn)用語言這種工具。"A)generated意為"生殖,發(fā)展";B)evolved意為"逐漸發(fā)展,進(jìn)化";C)born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語動詞;D)originated意為"起源",不能用first修飾。因此B正確。

　　2. [答 案] A形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知tool指的是語言，語言是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的,對人類來說,應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。故A正確。

　　3. [答 案] A名詞辨析。此句意思是： "然而語言一旦發(fā)展就增加了人類未來的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。"由句意可知A正確。

　　4. [答 案] D形容詞辨析。由空格后的for可知應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)檫@里只有responsible可與其構(gòu)成固定短語be responsible for。

　　5. [答 案] C動詞辨析?？崭窈髴?yīng)是一個賓語從句,而A,B,D三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語：A) confirm(確認(rèn))+名詞;B) inform(通知)sb. of sth. ;D) convince(使某人確信) sb. of sth.。故C)claim "聲稱，斷言"正確。

　　6. [答 案] D固定搭配。provide sb. with sth. 意為 "向(人)提供(物)"。故D正確。

　　7. [答 案] B名詞辨析。作者在這里是把人和低等動物相比較，因此選B。organisms意為 "有機(jī)體,生物體。"

　　8. [答 案] A名詞辨析。此句意思是： "人類的語言潛在能力是與生俱來的,但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展。"顯然A正確。

　　9. [答 案] A介詞搭配。此句的意思是： "語言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長的一種功能,其發(fā)展是緩慢的。A)as "作為,當(dāng)作符合題意。故A正確。

　　10. [答 案] B形容詞辨析。此句意思為： "語言的發(fā)展有一個關(guān)鍵的生物期。"故B正確。

　　11. [答 案] A名詞辨析。此句意思為： "目前人們對"先天論"評論觀點(diǎn)不一,但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。"A)reviews意為"評論";B)reference意為"參考";C)reaction意為"反應(yīng)";D)recommendation意為"推薦"。顯然A正確。

　　12. [答 案] C從上一句可以看出,作者是傾向于先天論的。作者為此以學(xué)校為例加以說明,因此這里應(yīng)填一個表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞Indeed。

　　13. [答 案] D形容詞辨析。從下一句可以判定應(yīng)該選D。此句的意思是： "越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)低年級學(xué)外語較容易些。"

　　14. [答 案] B動詞辨析。B)exposed意為 "使暴露"，be exposed to意為"接觸到，暴露于"是固定搭配。C和D選項(xiàng)不與to搭配，而A則與句意矛盾。

　　15. [答 案] C名詞辨析。此句意思是： "一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中,成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語言。" A)regulations意為"規(guī)定";B)formations意為"構(gòu)成,構(gòu)造";C)rules意為"規(guī)則,規(guī)律";D)constitutions意為"憲法,章程"。故C正確。

　　16. [答 案] A連詞辨析。該句是復(fù)合句。從句意思是： "語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。"主句意思是："語言不會在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。"顯然是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故A正確。

　　17. [答 案] D形容詞辨析。此句意思為： "與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。" A)distinguished意為"區(qū)別的,杰出的";B)different意為"不同的";C)protected意為"受到保護(hù)的";D)isolated意為"孤立的,與人隔絕的"。顯然D正確。

　　18. [答 案] D名詞辨析。此句的意思為： "必須通過與他人交往,語言才能夠發(fā)展。"A)exposition意為"暴露";B)comparison意為"比較";C)contrast意為"對比";D)interaction意為"相互作用"。顯然D正確。

　　19. [答 案] A名詞辨析。A)acquisition意為 "獲得"語言習(xí)得;B)appreciation意為"欣賞,感激";C)requirement意為"要求";D)alternative意為"抉擇;選擇余地"。本句中的"this"和"even more basic"分別指代上句的"interaction with other human beings"和"necessary",此處所填詞對應(yīng)上文中的language development。也就是說,language acquisition語言習(xí)得。故A正確。

　　20. [答 案] C從空格后的句意 "孩子是通過模仿父母來學(xué)語言的。"可知本句是以另一種方式解釋前文中的imitative, 和learned behavior"模仿性的后天行為"。顯然正確答 案為C。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　文章概要：媒體的競爭越來越激烈?！都~約時(shí)報(bào)》聘請Mr Raines 擔(dān)任執(zhí)行總編，但是不到一年半，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》就發(fā)生了一系列的丑聞。

　　21. [答 案] D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 文章第四段說明雇傭Jason Blair 符合Mr Raines 的兩個目標(biāo)，并說雖然他不是一個誠實(shí)的記者，但是寫作很有才華，故答 案為D。

　　22. [答 案] B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章的第二段第一句說造假的發(fā)現(xiàn)毀了Mr. Raines 的事業(yè)。作為編輯他當(dāng)然要為假文章負(fù)責(zé)，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D里的內(nèi)容文章都沒提及，故B正確。

　　23. [答 案] A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章的第三段第一句話里，意思是Mr. Raines保證要提高報(bào)紙的競爭力，因而得到了主編的職位。故A正確。

　　24. [答 案] D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句里說，Daniel專欄是這份報(bào)紙較富煽動性的專欄之一，所持的是中間偏左的世界觀。由此可判斷D正確。

　　25. [答 案] B詞意判斷題。the impossible story意思是 "不可能發(fā)生的故事"，而unfounded意思是"沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)的"。顯然B正確。

　　Text 2

　　文章概要：本文介紹當(dāng)代女性的追求和無奈，說明現(xiàn)在的許多觀念與家庭結(jié)構(gòu)不適應(yīng)，女性很難兼顧家庭和事業(yè)。

　　26. [答 案] A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在第一段里指出，在六七十年代長大的女性一開始似乎只是想在男性世界里取得成功。但如今的女性卻既要家庭又要職業(yè)。由此可知A正確。

　　27. [答 案] D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答 案依據(jù)在第二段最后兩句。這里的超級女性顯然是指能夠解決沖突的女性。故D正確。

　　28. [答 案] C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在第三段里指出：如今的女性是在一個奉行狹隘的職業(yè)道德的社會里拼搏，這種職業(yè)道德只適應(yīng)早在幾十年前就不存在的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)。因此C正確。

#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

　　29. [答 案] D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答 案的依據(jù)在最后一段第四句里 "如果她們自我懷疑或因職業(yè)雖成功卻不能照顧到家庭而有挫敗感時(shí)，她們就責(zé)備自己。"由此可知D正確。

　　30. [答 案] D推斷題?，F(xiàn)在的女性想兼顧工作和家庭，對此作者持同情的態(tài)度。

　　Text 3

　　文章概要：本文介紹什么樣的人才是企業(yè)家，并且舉例分析了企業(yè)家共有的品質(zhì)。

　　31. [答 案] C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在第一段最后一句給企業(yè)家下了定義： "企業(yè)家是冒必要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去組織和經(jīng)營企業(yè)，并且獲得贏利以及非金錢上的獎賞的人。"由此可判斷C是正確的選項(xiàng)。

　　32. [答 案] C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 "the two worlds" 分別指的是企業(yè)家和專業(yè)人員(如醫(yī)生、律師、牙醫(yī)和會計(jì)等)，"long hours" 意為"長時(shí)間工作"。故C正確。

　　33 [答 案] D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在最后一段里指出：企業(yè)家們各有不同，有的內(nèi)向善分析;有的外向情緒化。但有些品質(zhì)是他們共有的，他們都視變化為準(zhǔn)則。他們通常會去尋找它，并對其作回應(yīng)，視其為機(jī)會。因此D正確。

　　34. [答 案] B主旨題。本文從文體上來看, 是一篇介紹什么是entrepreneur的科普性文章。而怎樣才能成為一個創(chuàng)業(yè)者,才是作者的寫作意圖。故B正確。

　　35. [答 案] A推斷題。文章最后說： "Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident，" 但并沒有例子證明。因此，A是正確的選項(xiàng)。

　　Text 4

　　文章概要： 本文介紹John Horgan的新書《科學(xué)的終結(jié)》(The End of Science)，說明偉大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越少了，因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)科學(xué)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了逐漸減少回報(bào)的時(shí)期。

　　36. [答 案] D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在第一段里指出，如果當(dāng)今的科學(xué)家有所貢獻(xiàn)的話，也只能是給科學(xué)交響樂增加一些裝飾音罷了。由此可知D正確。

　　37. [答 案] A判斷題。作者在第三段里提到《科學(xué)的終結(jié)》去年在美國激起了譴責(zé)的浪潮;在第四段里提到基因密碼和板塊構(gòu)造說是六十年代在科學(xué)上的偉大勝利;在最后一段里引用Horgan的話說現(xiàn)在仍然有許多重要的事情有待研究。但沒提及Horgan對《科學(xué)的終結(jié)》引起的反應(yīng)感到震驚。故A正確。

　　38. [答 案] A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答 案的依據(jù)在最后一段第三句里 "一個更合理的解釋是基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了逐漸減少回報(bào)的時(shí)期。"故A正確。

　　39. [答 案] B語義理解題。Enterprise在本句里指的是 "科學(xué)家所從事的事業(yè)"。整個句子的意思是："然而十九和二十世紀(jì)大多數(shù)偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是在政府資助出現(xiàn)之前，當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)事業(yè)只是如今的一小部分。"故B正確。

　　40. [答 案] D判斷題。答 案的依據(jù)在第四段第三句里 "從二十世紀(jì)六十年代起真正的科學(xué)革命已很稀少了。"由此可知D正確。

　　Part B

　　篇章導(dǎo)讀

　　Philip Kotler是著名的營銷專家。他在這里介紹了營銷成功的五大要素：以點(diǎn)帶面、了解顧客、擁有品牌、搶占先機(jī)和體驗(yàn)消費(fèi)。他說： "每個人、每個單位、每個地方、每個名人都會以某種形式被別人了解。你們可以利用這一點(diǎn)，也可以純粹靠運(yùn)氣。我不知道什么與營銷沒有關(guān)系，不管他們稱之為營銷還是別的什么東西。"

　　精析精解

　　41. [答 案] E題干要點(diǎn)：建立一個品牌是一個推進(jìn)的過程，要以點(diǎn)帶面。 "roll瞣ut"的意思是展開、推進(jìn)，"a drop everywhere in the world at one time"是說同一時(shí)間滿世界布點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)E是正確的選擇。Kotler以Corona啤酒為例，這種啤酒進(jìn)入美國以后先以生活在城市的墨西哥移民為銷售對象，然后再進(jìn)入餐館和商店，從而成為美國最暢銷的進(jìn)口啤酒。

　　42. [答 案] B題干要點(diǎn)：了解你的顧客。仍有許多公司的CEO認(rèn)為營銷就是賣東西，做廣告。但是營銷的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是顧客。你需要明確營銷對象，然后讓你的顧客確信你的產(chǎn)品與眾不同，并且肯定比別人的產(chǎn)品好。B是正確的選項(xiàng)。Kotler對此進(jìn)一步說明，對于一個公司來說，以顧客為中心比以產(chǎn)品為中心更重要。購買X產(chǎn)品的顧客也有可能會購買Y產(chǎn)品或Z產(chǎn)品。

　　43. [答 案] C題干要點(diǎn)：我們并不是處于一個競爭的狀態(tài)之中，我們是處于一個高度競爭的狀態(tài)之中。在此情形下，品牌的效應(yīng)是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)轭櫩蜁庇诎盐债a(chǎn)品特征。C是正確的選項(xiàng)。Kotler以奔馳(Mercedes)、寶馬(BMW)和沃爾沃(Volvo)為例，說明了品牌效應(yīng)的重要性。

　　44. [答 案] D題干要點(diǎn)：搶占競爭的先機(jī)。如果你的產(chǎn)品銷得好，那么你的競爭對手肯定會加以模仿。因此，你必須不斷創(chuàng)新，以搶占競爭先機(jī)。正確的選項(xiàng)是D。Kotler講了一個故事，注意最后的一句話：Markets change, so marketing has to change.(市場變了，營銷的策略也必須作出變化。)市場在不斷發(fā)生變化，你不能墨守成規(guī)，一成不變。

　　45. [答 案] F題干要點(diǎn)：市場流行一個趨勢，增加業(yè)務(wù)和產(chǎn)品的服務(wù)是不夠的，還應(yīng)該為顧客設(shè)計(jì)一種體驗(yàn)。F是正確的選項(xiàng)。星巴克(Startbuck)改變了人們對喝咖啡的認(rèn)識，喝咖啡并不僅是喝咖啡那么簡單，喝星巴克咖啡是一種體驗(yàn)。雖然星巴克咖啡店的咖啡價(jià)格不菲，但是人們卻愿意在那里消費(fèi)。

　　Part C

　　46. 中國的大學(xué)大多為公辦學(xué)校，一些重點(diǎn)大學(xué)如北京大學(xué)和清華大由中央政府提供資助，其他的學(xué)校由地方政府提供資助。

　　47. 許多高質(zhì)量的全國重點(diǎn)大學(xué)是由中央政府提供經(jīng)費(fèi)，錄取的學(xué)生很大一部分來自學(xué)校所在地，因而其他地區(qū)的考生處于劣勢，這就引起了地區(qū)平等的問題。

　　48. 支持招生政策的人說，這些大學(xué)受到當(dāng)?shù)卣鞣N各樣政策的支持，它們理應(yīng)給當(dāng)?shù)氐目忌峁﹥?yōu)惠條件。

　　49. 當(dāng)然，鑒于中國各地區(qū)教育水平參差不齊，如果想招到最好的學(xué)生，一流的高校不可能按地區(qū)平均地分配招生人數(shù)。

　　50. 長久的解決方案在于全面提高中國的高等教育體系，使更多的院校能夠提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，并且能與全國一流大學(xué)競爭。

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　December 15, 2000

　　Dear Sir,

　　I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in Applied Physics toward Master's degree under your supervision.

　　My name is Li Ming, an undergraduate student of the Department of Applied Physics, Fudan University. Next summer, I will graduate with my BS degree. I've long taken a strong interest in applied physics and I wish to continue my study and research in this field. I've been doing pretty well in the three years since I came to Fudan University. More importantly, I believe I'll be able to benefit from your instructions if I am lucky enough to study under you.

　　Enclosed in this letter are a transcript of my grades and two letters of recommendation from my two professors, which will testify my academic background.

　　I will be very grateful if you can write back soon. My mailing address is shown on the top of this letter.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

　　Let's Save Our Natural Resources

　　What is depicted in the cartoon is not an uncommon phenomenon: the public tap is running non-stop and a man is about to fetch some water for his own use. Clearly the man has not the least intention of turning off the tap to save water. He seems to be enjoying the running of the water. The drawing reveals the wasteful disposition in some people.

　　We know that the world is faced with a great resource crisis. Time and again we read in papers about shortage of water, energy, grain, etc. With a huge population, China, in particular, is under even great pressure of natural resources. Statistics show that half of the population in China suffers from water shortage. The guy in the picture should be ashamed of himself, for he is wasting a precious resource. Water means life to people in drought-stricken areas.

　　Now our country is striving for building an economical society, which calls on everyone to do his or her share to save the limited resources we have. Maybe we can begin with a good habit of switching off the light when we leave, and turning off the tap after using it. Let's save our natural resources.

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