2015年湖北高考英語專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練：文化型閱讀理解

湖北2015年高考英語專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練：文化型閱讀理解

　　湖北高考網(wǎng)整理了2015年湖北高考英語專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

　　(一)

　　In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value inpidualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize all possible basic knowledge. Instead, they work inpidually and find answers by themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.

　　In most Asia societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the orient reflects society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than inpidualism. Children in China, Japan and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments.

　　There are advantages and disadvantages of both systems of education. For example, one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about maths, physics, biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self­control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.

　　The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from school, they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.

　　1.The writer's purpose of writing this passage is________.

　　A.to share his idea with others in a new way

　　B.to introduce two different systems of education through contrast

　　C.to criticize the society that values memorization

　　D.to prepare students for society

　　2.Which is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.The system of education in the West is more creative than that in the East.

　　B.Japanese students learn much more about science than American students.

　　C.Canadian students are more inpidual than Korean students.

　　D.Students in North America are not so friendly as those in Asia.

　　3.From the facts, we can infer that________.

　　A.Asian students are more likely to do better in teamwork than American students

　　B.Chinese students are more hard­working in their studies than Mexican students

　　C.the Western educational system is much better than the Eastern educational system

　　D.the Eastern educational system is as difficult as the Western educational system

　　4.What is the best title of the passage?

　　A.Advantages and disadvantages of educational system

　　B.The value of inpidualism

　　C.Educational system—an obvious difference between the East and the West

　　D.Memorization—an important learning method

　　(二)

　　Is the “Go to College” message overdone?

　　Even in a weak job market, the old college try isn't the answer for everyone. A briefing paper from the Brookings Institution warns that “we may have overdone the message” on college, senior fellow Isabel Sawhill said.

　　“We've been telling students and their families for years that college is the only way to succeed in the economy and of course there's a lot of truth to that，”Ms Sawhill said.“On average it does pay off…But if you load up on a whole lot of student debt and then you don't graduate, that is a very bad situation.”

　　One comment that people often repeat among the years of slow job growth has been the value of education for landing a job and advancing in a career. April's national unemployment rate stood at 7.5%, according to the Labour Department. The unemployment rate for high school graduates over 25 years old who hadn't attended college was 7.4%, compared with 3.9% for those with a bachelor's degree or more education. The difference is even bigger among those aged 16～24. The jobless rate for those with only a high school diploma in that age group is about 20%. At the same time, recent research by Canadian economists cautions that a college degree is no guarantee of promising employment.

　　Ms Sawhill pointed out that among the aspects that affect the value of a college education is the field of one's major: students in engineering or other sciences end up earning more than ones who major in the arts or education. The cost of tuition and the availability of financial aid are other considerations, with public institutions generally a better financial bargain than private ones.

　　She suggested two avenues for improving the situation: increasing vocational(職業(yè)的) technical training programmes and taking_a_page_from Europe's focus on early education rather than post secondary learning.“The European countries put a little more attention to getting people prepared in the primary grades，” she said.“Then they have a higher bar for whoever goes to college—but once you get into college, you're more likely to be highly subsidized(資助).”

　　She is also a supporter of technical training—to teach students how to be plumbers, welders and computer programmers—because “employers are desperate” for workers with these skills.

　　5.People usually think that ________.

　　A.the cost of technical schooling is a problem

　　B.one will not succeed without a college degree

　　C.technical skills are most important for landing a job

　　D.there is an increased competition in getting into a college

　　6.What does the underlined part “taking_a_page_from” mean?

　　A.Hearing from. B.Changing from.

　　C.Differing from. D.Learning from.

　　7.What can we infer from the passage?

　　A.Public institutions charge more for education.

　　B.European universities are stricter with students.

　　C.Students with certain skills are in great demand.

　　D.Canadian students prefer to major in engineering.

　　8.Ms Sawhill may probably agree that ________.

　　A.too much stress has been put on the value of college degrees

　　B.technical training is more important than college education

　　C.a college degree will ensure promising employment

　　D.it's easier for art students to find favourite jobs

　　(三)

　　The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand—a system of rapid handwriting, and now it's threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2012, just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive letters(草寫字母). The rest? Block letters.

　　And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive letters.

　　At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn't affect their grades.

　　There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?

　　It was at University Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真實(shí)性) can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.

　　The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive(認(rèn)知的) opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better—a lifelong benefit.

　　It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George's County, elementary school students use a programme called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.

　　There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) writing, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.

　　9.What is the author concerned about after 2012 SAT exams?

　　A.Keyboarding. B.Shorthand.

　　C.Handwriting. D.Block letters.

　　10.A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to ________.

　　A.prove how valuable handwriting is

　　B.explain what a famous poet he is

　　C.show how unique his poem is

　　D.stress how fascinating the documents are

　　11.The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that ________.

　　A.the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting

　　B.the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed

　　C.it doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills

　　D.the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one

　　12.According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?

　　A.Kindergarten. B.Primary school.

　　C.High school. D.College.

　　13.What is the author's attitude towards this debate?

　　A.Devoted. B.Supportive.

　　C.Critical. D.Objective.

　　(一)

　　【文章大意】 本文討論的是東西方教育系統(tǒng)的不同之處。在西方，人們強(qiáng)調(diào)高度尊重個(gè)人和人與人之間的差異，教師極其重視每個(gè)學(xué)生的不同特性。而在東方，由于相同的語言、歷史和文化，其教育系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)集體主義和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神，上課時(shí)教師講，學(xué)生聽，討論并不多。文章最后談到了兩種教育體系的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

　　1.B　主旨大意題。閱讀全文可知本文討論的是東西方教育系統(tǒng)的不同之處，以及各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。故選B項(xiàng)。

　　2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas.”可知，西方教學(xué)體系更注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力，因此A項(xiàng)正確;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“For example，one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about maths，physics，biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school.”可知，日本學(xué)生在高中后一時(shí)期比美國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)更多的自然科學(xué)，因此B正確;同A項(xiàng)一樣，加拿大屬于西方教學(xué)體制，西方教學(xué)體系更強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人，因此比韓國(guó)學(xué)生更有個(gè)性，故C正確;D項(xiàng)中是否友好在文中并未體現(xiàn)，因此D錯(cuò)誤。綜上可知答案為D項(xiàng)。

　　3.A　推理判斷題。閱讀前兩段可知，在西方教育體制下的孩子更傾向于自己獨(dú)立思考，遵循自己的意見，而在東方教育之下，上課時(shí)教師講，學(xué)生聽，討論并不多，孩子們更傾向于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。故選A項(xiàng)。

　　4.C　主旨大意題。閱讀全文可知本文討論的是東西方教育系統(tǒng)的不同之處，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　(二)

　　【文章大意】 文章介紹我們過分強(qiáng)調(diào)大學(xué)學(xué)位的更要性，實(shí)際上大學(xué)學(xué)位并不能保證就業(yè)和光明的未來，反而現(xiàn)在技術(shù)工人的需求量很大，我們可以增加技術(shù)院校的比例或向歐洲國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)，重視初期的教育，保證大學(xué)的質(zhì)量。

　　5.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“We've been telling students and their families for years that college is the only way to succeed in the economy and of course there's a lot of truth to that…”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為沒有上大學(xué)就不會(huì)成功，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　6.D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后面的句子“‘The European countries put a little more attention to getting people prepared in the primary grades，’ she said.‘Then they have a higher bar for whoever goes to college—but once you get into college，you're more likely to be highly subsidized(資助).’”可知，歐洲更重視早期的教育，這種做法是很好的，所以應(yīng)該向他們學(xué)習(xí)，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　7.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子“She is also a supporter of technical training—to teach students how to be plumbers，welders and computer programmers—because ‘employers are desperate’ for workers with these skills.”可知，擁有技術(shù)的畢業(yè)生現(xiàn)在需求量很大，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　8.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段的句子“We've been telling students and their families for years that college is the only way to succeed in the economy…”可知，Ms Sawhill認(rèn)為我們過分強(qiáng)調(diào)大學(xué)學(xué)位的價(jià)值，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　(三)

　　【文章大意】 文章介紹因?yàn)槭褂秒娔X鍵盤，現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)生不會(huì)書寫，所以書寫應(yīng)該引起關(guān)注，學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)書寫是可以帶來很多好處的，最后提出有的學(xué)生因?yàn)榉N種原因不能寫字而可以使用鍵盤。

　　9.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2012，just 15% of the most 1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive letters(草寫字母).The rest? Block letters.”可知，在150萬學(xué)生中只有15%的學(xué)生是手寫的，這引起作者對(duì)手寫的擔(dān)心，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　10.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers，historians say，because their authenticity(真實(shí)性) can be confirmed.”可知，作者想借Robert的詩來證明手寫的文稿更加珍貴，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　11.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“It doesn't take much to teach better handwriting skills.”可知，作者認(rèn)為教學(xué)生書寫不需要花費(fèi)多少精力，后面用Handwriting Without Tears舉例，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　12.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better—a lifelong benefit.”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該從小就學(xué)習(xí)書寫，會(huì)讓他們終受益，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　13.D　推理判斷題。作者先是提出問題，即書寫應(yīng)該引起關(guān)注，后面說為什么學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)書寫，最后提出有的學(xué)生因?yàn)榉N種原因不能寫字而可以使用鍵盤，所以他是客觀地陳述事實(shí)，故D項(xiàng)正確。