湖北學(xué)位英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：如何達(dá)到段落的連貫

2014年湖北學(xué)位英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：如何達(dá)到段落的連貫

1）段落的連貫性

好的段落不僅要有統(tǒng)一性，而且也要有連貫性。也就是說(shuō)段落中的每個(gè)句子在邏輯上、結(jié)構(gòu)上都與前一句子銜接在一起。要取得段落連貫性，關(guān)鍵在于按照邏輯順序和使用過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，達(dá)到段落連貫性要做到以下兩點(diǎn)：

（1）    從邏輯順序來(lái)看，重要的先寫(xiě)，將要的后寫(xiě)，或從次要到主要，后者更符合英美人的習(xí)慣。

（2）    常用的幾種邏輯順序如下：

①時(shí)間順序

②空間順序

③跌降和遞進(jìn)：主題句后面的理由從最重要到不重要排列這種方法叫跌降法。如果從最不重要的到最重要的則稱為遞進(jìn)法。這是說(shuō)明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)常用的寫(xiě)作方法。例如：

John likes living in a private house better than in a dormitory for a number of reasons. First, it costs less. For example, he paid $ 130 a month to live in a dorm, but it costs him only $ 90 to live in a private home. Second, he has more privacy in a home. In a dorm, he shared a room with another boy, but in a home, he has a room all to himself. Third, it is easier to study in a private home. A dorm is often too noisy, but a home rarely is. Finally he can keep his car at a house. At campus dorms, there are no parking spaces for student cars. For these reasons, John likes to live off campus.

本段主題句后的四個(gè)理由從主到次排列，屬跌降法。

④演繹：指文章以概括性的陳述開(kāi)始，然后接具體的事實(shí)、例子、理由等。這種寫(xiě)作方法也是各類英語(yǔ)考試中常用的寫(xiě)作方法。例如：

Man has learned to travel faster and faster throughout the history, when the wheel was invented over a thousand years ago, man learned that it was possible to travel faster on wheels than on foot. With the invention of the steam engine about two hundred years ago, man began to travel at what was called “dangerous” speeds of more than 100 miles an hour. About twenty years ago man began to travel in commercial jet planes at speeds about 500 miles an hour.

該段主題句后面用了具體的事例對(duì)主題句作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，屬于演繹寫(xiě)作方法。

⑤歸納：指文章先提出幾個(gè)具體的事實(shí)，然后歸納出一個(gè)結(jié)論。例如：

Give students a chance to grow. Do not mold them from one of a thousand patterns. Let them seek knowledge, but do not find it for them, let them learn patience; do not force it on them. Let them take their own time to grow, do not set rigid time schedules. Most of all do not push them against a stone wall, crushing them with knowledge gained from the experience of others. Experience cannot be taught; it must come slowly through personal search.

該段先羅列出細(xì)節(jié)材料，最后作出總結(jié)或結(jié)論，這種寫(xiě)作方法叫歸納法。

2）正確地使用過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)

段落是否連貫主要取決于文章內(nèi)容是否符合邏輯，但是段落缺乏連貫性并不僅僅是邏輯順序問(wèn)題，過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)也起著十分重要的作用。

試比較：

On Thursday I had to decide what I wanted to do over the weekend. School was starting in two weeks, and I would soon be studying full time. I wanted to go skiing. I had spent most of my money, so I couldn’t travel out of town. I might go to a movie. I might just listen to music. That is what I ended up doing — listening to music.

該段落中無(wú)過(guò)渡詞，讀起來(lái)缺少邏輯連貫性，試比較在該段落中加入過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)后的效果。

On Thursday I had to decide what I wanted to do over the weekend. For school was starting in two weeks, and I would soon be studying full time. I wanted to go skiing. But I had spent most of my money, so I couldn’t travel out of town. I might go to a movie. Or I might just listen to music. That is what I ended up doing — listening to music.

在該段中加入過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)后段落更有連貫性。

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