自考“英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法”基礎(chǔ)材料（14）

　　第十四節(jié)   名詞從句

　　名詞從句是指在句子中起名詞作用的從句，名詞從句有主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)

　　從句及同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：

　　連詞，如：that， if， whether.

　　關(guān)系代詞，如：which， what， who.

　　關(guān)系副詞，如：when， where， how， why.

　　1.主語(yǔ)從句，即名詞從句做主語(yǔ)

　　主語(yǔ)從句有三類：  （1）what主語(yǔ)從句；  （2）that主語(yǔ)從句；  （3）連接代詞who，whom， whose， which和連接副詞when， where， how， why引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。

　　What caused the accident is a mystery.   造成事故的原因還是個(gè)謎。

　　What they want are financial aids.    他們想要經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。

　　That time is money has been realized in the West.   時(shí)間就是金錢，這在西方已實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

　　That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.  她會(huì)拒絕這個(gè)提議似乎不可能。

　　When and where the exhibition opens is written in the announcement.  展覽會(huì)在什么時(shí)候、什么地方開(kāi)幕，通知里寫著。

　　Why he shot her is a complete mystery.    他為什么打死她完全是個(gè)謎。

　　How he did it doesn't matter.  這事他是怎樣做的，無(wú)關(guān)緊要。

　　Which plan is better is clear now.   哪個(gè)計(jì)劃更好，現(xiàn)在清楚了。

　　有時(shí)，把連接詞或關(guān)系副詞引出的主語(yǔ)從句放在句子后面，用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)，如：

　　It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.  顯然，司機(jī)已不能控制他的車了。

　?。?That the driver could not control his car was obvious）。

　　It is a wonder （ that ） you didn't lose your way in the dark.   真奇怪，黑暗中你沒(méi)有迷路。

　　2.表語(yǔ)從句，即名詞從句作表語(yǔ)，位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞之后，如：

　　The legal reason for maintaining payroll accounting records is that employers are required by federal， state and local laws to do so.  保留工薪會(huì)計(jì)記錄是由于聯(lián)邦、州、地方政府的法律要求。

　　It seems that he has never been paid the momey.   他好像還沒(méi)付錢。

　　Raw material is what we are urgently in need of.  我們急需原料。

　　This term is what we are against.   這一條正是我們所反對(duì)的。

　　That's what you should do.   那是你應(yīng)該做的。

　　Things in their firm were not as they seemed to be.   他們公司的情況并不是表面那個(gè)樣子。

　　That is why we decided to put the meeting off.   這就是我們決定推遲會(huì)議的原因。

　　This was just when our company was being formed.   那正是我們公司成立的時(shí)候。

　　3.賓語(yǔ)從句：即名詞從句作賓語(yǔ)，它可以是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以是動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞或動(dòng)名詞的賓語(yǔ)。

　　The fruitpickers migrated to wherever they could find work.   摘果子的人會(huì)移民到任何可以找到工作的地方。

　　In his letter， Johnson told how grateful he was for the loan.   在信中約翰遜對(duì)貸款表示感謝。

　　He specifies how much he wishes to remit，  who the sum should be paid to.   他詳細(xì)說(shuō)明匯款錢數(shù)和收款人。

　　Could you tell me where the office is ？   請(qǐng)告訴我辦公室在哪兒。

　　They gave to whoever came to the conference an introduction.   凡是出席大會(huì)的，他們都給一份介紹。

　　I‘ll read whichever report you recommend.   你推薦的什么報(bào)告我都要看。

　　We could give you whatever help you need.   你想要什么幫助，我們都可以給你。

　　The motor company revealed reluctantly that there were defects in their new cars.   汽車公司不得不承認(rèn)他們的新車有毛病。

　　Your report is quite all right except that the organization is somewhat loose.   你的報(bào)告寫得不錯(cuò)，只是組織得不夠緊湊。

　　He often thought of how he could help others.   他經(jīng)常在想如何去幫助別人。

　　引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that有時(shí)可以省略，如：

　　Saying he was busy， he went away in a hurry.   他說(shuō)他很忙，即匆忙走了。

　　4.  同位語(yǔ)從句：即名詞從句作同位語(yǔ)，它在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)。用that引導(dǎo)（有時(shí)用whether引導(dǎo)）。

　　Another approach recognizes that people will act only when they have a reasonable expectation that their actions will lead to desired goals.   另一種方法發(fā)現(xiàn)只有當(dāng)人們覺(jué)得他們的行為會(huì)達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的時(shí)他們才會(huì)行動(dòng)。

　　Several insurance companies have now made the decision that they should withdraw fiom the American market.   幾家保險(xiǎn)公司現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)決定退出美國(guó)市場(chǎng)。

　　I now regret having made a promise that I would join in the scheme.   我現(xiàn)在后悔答應(yīng)參加該計(jì)劃的事。

　　A suggestion that they should postpone the discussion was accepted by the majority.   大多數(shù)人接受了推遲討論。

　　There was little probability that they would succeed.   他們的成功的可能性很小。

　　She went to the meeting on the supposition that people would not ask her questions.   她參加了會(huì)，認(rèn)為人們不會(huì)向她提問(wèn)題。

　　It is a certainty that they will carry out their undertakings.   他們肯定會(huì)進(jìn)行他們的事業(yè)。