自考“英語翻譯”完整技巧篇（10）

　　2.加名詞：在漢語中，及物和不及物動詞的區(qū)別不是很明顯，有時所謂及物動詞后面的賓語如果上下文中能夠看的出，往往可以省略不說；而英語則不然。由于英語對及物動詞和不及物動詞的區(qū)別很明顯，因此翻譯成漢語時則很麻煩。特別是一些不及物動詞必須帶上它后面的賓語句子意思才能顯得完整。因此，我們在翻譯時往往就需要增補。

　　a. Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating ，playing ， meetings ， classes， etc. （作一個時間表，然后，將吃飯、睡覺、開會、上課等等的時間填上。）

　　b. It was two hours before the old couple mustered up enough courage to get up and called the police and they explained that they‘d done that after much deliberation.（直到兩個小時以后，那對老夫妻才有勇氣敢從床上爬起來給警察打電話，并解釋說那也是經(jīng)過仔細考慮才敢作的。）

　　c.這見事?lián)f是一個組織嚴(yán)密團伙干的。

　?。═he operation is believed to be the work of a well-organized organized group. ）

　　d.我是為友誼和求學(xué)而來。

　?。↖ came here in the spirit of friendship and learning. ）

　　有時形容詞前面也可以加上名詞：e. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and ， moreover looks very ugly.（他妻子認為，這件家具價格昂貴而且外表難看。）

　　f. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.（然后，我繼續(xù)裝著對這種事情很內(nèi)行的樣子，結(jié)果更使他們認定我是一個名聲很壞的人。）

　　有時，一些名詞或者數(shù)量詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式翻譯成漢語后前面也要加詞表示重疊：g. Thousands of students from the city‘s colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team. （成千上萬的高校學(xué)生一起涌到火車站歡迎他們的足球隊凱旋。

　　h. These she bought the medical supplies with the large sums of money given to her by many friends to help her in the Crimea （她用朋友們給她的一筆筆錢購買醫(yī)療設(shè)備。）

　　i. To look after the hordes of sick men there were only a few old doctor who were helpless before such scene of suffering and misery. （只有這些老醫(yī)生來照看一群群的傷員，他們在如此的痛苦、悲傷面前，顯得無可奈何。

　　3.加代詞：這里的代詞主要是指作動詞賓語的代詞，因為英語中的所有及物動詞都必須帶有賓語，所以漢語翻譯成英語時也需要增補：a. If you like this novel ， I can lend it to you.（如果你喜歡這本小說，我可以借給你。）

　　b. I think she‘d appreciate it if we all helped out a bit more.（我覺得如果我們能幫她一把，她回很感激的。）

　　c. Would you please look for the key once more？ I remembered clearly putting it in the drawer last time. （能不能再找一遍鑰匙？我記得上次放在抽屜里了。）

　　4.加連詞和介詞：漢語可以通過上下文來連接句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，而英語則靠一些連接詞來完成：a. If you want to go， I would give you my advice that you take an umbrella.（你要去，我建議你別忘了帶把傘。）

　　b. Since its opening five years ago ， the shop has attracted a lot of customers.（這家商店五年前開業(yè)以來，吸引了大批顧客。）

　　c. Since the beginning of this century， more and more scientists have become interested in the way the human brain works. （本世紀(jì)以來，越來越多的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始對人腦活動的方式感興趣。）

　　d. His friends asked him to write them as soon as he got there. （他的朋友要他到了那兒就給他們寫信。）

　　e. He went so far as to cheat openly on test. （他居然敢公開作弊。）

　　f. The factory has decided to mass-produce the equipment at a low cost. （這家工廠已經(jīng)決定低成本、大批量的生產(chǎn)這種儀器。）

　　g. Why was he absent from school yesterday？

　　（他昨天為什么不上學(xué)？）

　　h. The older leader gave us the suggestion that we be free from arrogance and rashness.（老領(lǐng)導(dǎo)告戒我們要戒驕戒躁。）

　　i. This ， he said， deprived him of his civil rights ， and he asked for $150，000 in damages. （他說，這等于是剝奪了他的公民權(quán)力，因此申請$150，000 的賠償。）

　　j. His marriage suffered and ended in divorce.（他的婚姻也受到影響，最后還是離了婚。）

　　k. After a few rounds of talks， both sides regarded the territory dispute as settled.（幾輪會談以后，雙方認為邊界問題可以解決了。）

　　l. As her year as chief resident drew to a close， Mrs. White decided to specialize in children ‘s diseases. （在她作住院總醫(yī)師要結(jié)束時，懷特太太決定專攻病理。）

　　5.下面的一些句子則是為了修辭目的而加詞：a. He was sentenced as much as six months in jail for drunk driving.（他因酗酒駕駛而被判入獄半年。）

　　b. As many as twenty people were killed in the accident yesterday.（二十個人在昨天的事故當(dāng)中喪生。）

　　c. I came here as early as eight o‘clock this morning. （我今天八點鐘就來了。）

　　6 . 在某些作定語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞有時需要加上：a. I‘d like to find someone to play with （我想找人玩。）

　　b. Would you please pass me a piece of paper to write on. （你能否遞張紙給我，我想寫點東西。）