2015年湖北成考高起點英語語法歸納練習（18）

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湖北2015年成考高起點英語語法歸納練習（18）

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lesson 18 -ING分詞

-ING分詞的形式

-ING分詞是指由動詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的一種非謂語動詞形式，具體形式如下

主動形式被動形式

一般時 doing being done

完成時 having done having been done

就其語法功能而言，它可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。

-ING分詞的用法

一、作主語

1. 一般形式

1) the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.

[A] Taking the part of [B] Taking part in [C] To take the part of [D] To take the notice in

2) a teacher is being present at the creation， when the clay begins to breathe.

[A] As[B] To be[C] Is[D] Being

3) by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.

[A]Eliminate problems[B]The eliminated problems[C]Eliminating problems[D]Problems are eliminated

2. 有時可以用it做形式主語

It's waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.

It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.[說明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible， important， essential， necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動詞不定式。我們不能說 It's quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應(yīng)改作It's quite necessary to take part in the negociation.]

It's glorious getting involved in working out the plan.

4) It is [A] possible determining that [B] French explorers reached the jucture of [C] the Kansas and Missouri rivers [D] in the seventeenth century.

二、作表語的-ING分詞

Seeing is believing.

His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.

三、-ING分詞作動詞賓語

1. 一類是動詞或短語后邊跟賓語的非限定性動詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge， admit(坦白，承認)， advise， advocate， anticipate， appreciate， avoid， can't help， consider， contemplate(深思)， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape(躲過，避開)， excuse， fancy， finish， give up， imagine， include， keep on， justify， mean(意味著，等于)， mind(在乎)， miss， postpone， practise， prohibit， put off， quit， recall， regret， resist， resume， risk(冒險干…)， suggest， threaten.

5) By taking the back way he escaped .

[A] to be seen [B] have been seen [C] seeing [D] being seen

6) I came late and missed Jack winning.

[A] to see[B] seeing[C] see[D] seen

7) “I see our boss coming down the hall.”

“Then we'd better quit and get down to business.”

[A] talking[B] to talk[C] from talking[D] having talk

8) The young doctor first [A] practised to use [B] the needles on [C] his own [D] wrist.

9) Some experts have advocated to bring [A] that country into [B] the talks， to revive the intermittent dialogue [C] that began [D] after the 1967 Middle East War.

2. 另一類動詞后邊作賓語的非限定性動詞可以是-ING分詞的動名詞，也可以是動詞不定式，如：attempt， begin， can't bear， cease， continue， deserve， endure， forget， go on， hate， intend， like， love， need， neglect， omit， plan， prefer， propose， regret， remember， start ， stop， try等。(動詞后接-ING和不定式時在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)

10) “What's wrong with Henry?”“He needs .”

[A] cheer up[B] to be cheer up[C] cheering up[D] to cheered up

11) Any such news would start her .

[A] to worry[B] worrying[C] worry[D] worried

3. -ING分詞作賓語還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語放到句子的后邊去

I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture./Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.

四、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語

幾乎所有介詞，不管是單個介詞還是介詞詞組，不管它們是謂語動詞的組成部分與否，都能用-ING分詞的動名詞作其賓語。所以，-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞賓語的時候很多。-ING結(jié)構(gòu)一般作介詞短語的賓語，主要有以下搭配關(guān)系

1. 動詞+介詞+ -ING

12) Scientists measure the hardness [A] of a material [B] by comparatively [C] with a table of ten well-known [D] metals.

13) Her mother did not [A] approve of her to go [B] to the party without dressing [C] formally [D] .

14) Although many women's colleges [A] have been coeducational [B] ， other universities remain committed to keep [C] their facilities separate [D] .

15) We insist on you leave [A] the place before [B] any further [C] disturbances take place [D] .

2. 名詞(形容詞，不及物動詞)+介詞to(不要把它視為動詞不定式的標志)。下面是大綱中所列短語中的“to”為介詞：(be) contrary to (與…相反)，object(objection)to (反對)， with a view to (為…起見)，(be) opposed to (反對)， in contrast to (與…成對比)，be used to (習慣于)， be exposed to， be dedicated to (致力于)，resort to (訴諸于)， as to (關(guān)于)， be accustomed to (習慣于)， be devoted to (獻身于)， be committed to (委身于)， react to (對…反應(yīng))， with regard to (關(guān)于)， look forward to (期待)， contribute to (貢獻)，owe to由于，歸功于等

16) I have no objection the evening with them.

[A] to spend [B] to spending [C] to have spent [D] to have to spend

17) Why do you object to the direction?

[A] following [B] follow [C] have follow [D] have been followed

18) Mr. Brown often wore [A] a heavy coat [B] because he was not used to live [C] in such a [D] cold climate.

19) Livy was the [A] only great historian of the time [B] ， and he devoted his attention to give [C] the world splendid [D] pictures.

3. 動詞+副詞+介詞+ -ING

I look forward to her coming soon.

4. 形容詞(或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ED分詞)+介詞+ -ING

I am proud of having such a son.

He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.

It's impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.

He is interested in playing table tennis.

5. 表示征詢意見的 “How about…?”， “What…about?”

How about going there?

What about having a concert?

20) How about to the movies tonight?

[A] going[B] if go[C] to go[D] if we go

6. 前面省略了介詞in的-ING慣用法

The two children are busy doing their homework.

Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.

There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.

He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the postgraduate.

Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his classmates.

There is no point arguing with him.

五、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補足語

1. 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如 hear， feel， find， give， listen to， look at， notice， observe， see， smell， watch等詞的賓語可以用-ING作賓語補語

21) “Where are the children?” “I saw in the yard.”

[A] them to play [B] them played [C] them playing [D] to them playing

22) I must say I don't like to hear you like that.

[A] talking[B] to talk[C] have to talk[D] talked

2. 表示“致使”等意義的動詞，如 catch， have， get， keep， leave， set

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.

What you have told left me thinking that you experienced much when you were young.

3. 其他動詞賓語的補語

23) The average age [A] of the Mediterranean [B] olive trees grow [C] today is two hundred years

六、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語

-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語表示主語在進行一動作的同時所進行的另一動作，它對謂語動詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。這時要注意-ING與其邏輯主語在時態(tài)、意義上的統(tǒng)一

1. 表示時間和伴隨一般放在句首，有時可放在句中

Coming into the room， I found him sobbing. (=When I came into the room， I found him sobbing.) 在這里coming這一-ING分詞動作發(fā)生時，緊接著(幾乎是同時)發(fā)生了謂語動作，有“一……就”的意思。

Pulling his body in the car， he drove away.(=After he pulled his body in the car， he drove away.)

24) Those naughty boys were caught flowers in the garden again.

[A]to steal[B]stealing[C] having stolen[D]stolen

25) Daniel walked up and down [A] as he listened， hands behind [B] his back， now and then [C] asked [D] a question.

2. 表示方式

Being a clever girl， she was sent to college by her father.(此例不可改成：Being a clever girl， her father sent her to college.因為分詞短語的邏輯主語不是“her father ”，而只能是“she ”。)

如果-ING分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，-ING分詞前可以加when，while等連詞，可放在句首或句末：When arriving home， he found the door opened. / He listened to the music radio while reading.

26) ，Tony jumped into the river and saved the drowning man.

[A] Good swimer as he is [B] He can swim very well

[C] Being that he was a good swimmer [D] Being a good swimmer

27) the kind of man he was， he did not pay much attention to it at first.

[A] To be[B] Being[C] Having been[D] Though to be

28) Was a dancer [A] and blues singer before [B] the age of eight [C] ，F(xiàn)lorence Mills made her [D] vaudeville debut(輕歌舞首演) in 1910.

3. 表示原因

Not having had any letter from Tom， Marry was worried.(=Marry was worried because she did not have any letter from Tom.)

Having got a headache， I didn't come to the concert. (=Because I got a headache， I didn't come to the concert.)

29) Most of the people，， could not go to sleep that night after the party.

being so excited

[A] being so excited [B] be so excited [C] being so exciting [D] be so exciting

30) Having the highest marks in his class， .

[A] the college offered him a scholarship [B] he was offered a scholarship by the college

[C] a scholarship was offered him by the college [D] a college scholarship was offered to him

4. 表示條件：一般放在句首

Knowing anything about it， I will tell you all. (=If I know anything about it， I will tell you all.)

Working diligently， you will pass the entrance exam. (=If you work diligently， you will pass the entrance exam.)

5. 表示讓步：表示讓步的-ING分詞常常由although/though， even if/though， unless等連詞引入，一般放在句首

Having great diffculties in the course of working， they finished the task ahead of time.

Buying a lot of reference books for the exam， he failed in it because of the learning method.

Although repeating his words many times， the teacher could not make his students understand the concret concept of philosophy.

Even if coming by taxi， I will arrive in at least 45 minutes.

6. 表示結(jié)果：置于句末，前面要加so， thereby， thus， hence等表示結(jié)果的副詞

He worked day and night， making himself near sighted.

Not making what he meant misunderstood， he adjusted his tones to underline his meaning.

The workers worked 14 hours a day， thus producing products three times as they did last month.

He wished to travel all over the world， thereby studying customs of other countries.

31) The bus was held up by the traffic jam， .

[A] thus causing the delay[B] so that caused the delay

[C] to cause the delay[D] caused the delay

七、-ING分詞作定語

-ING分詞可以單獨作定語，也可以構(gòu)成合成詞作定語，但在更多情況下是分詞短語作定語，包括限定性和非限定性(用逗號與其他部分分開)，在意義上相當于一個定語從句(包括限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句)

32) Jacob Lawrence executed many cycles of paintings significant social themes.

[A] expressed [B] expressing [C] express [D] expression of

33) The name Nebraska comes from the Oto Indian word “nebrathka”， flat water.

[A] to mean [B] meaning [C] it means [D] by meanig

34) The production of tin ore in the United States is relatively insignificant， less than one hundred tons annually.

[A] amounting to [B] in the amount [C] amounts to it [D] to the amount of

八、-ING的完成時、被動語態(tài)與否定形式

1. 如果-ING分詞表示的是一般性動作，(即不指明是現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)?不表示動作的先后或與謂語所表示的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，這時要用-ING的一般形式

35) Revolution means the productive forces.

[A] to liberate [B] to have liberated [C] liberating [D] having been liberated

36) It is a simple matter [A] to have found [B] the density of a gas [C] from its formula [D] .

2. 但如果-ING分詞所表示的動作先于句子謂語發(fā)生，就要用“(not)having+-ED分詞”表示完成時

37) by the journey， he went to bed immediately after he came back home.

[A] Being exhausted [B] To have exhausted [C] Having exhausted [D] Having been exhausted

38) with an accedent， he arrived at the station ten minutes late.

[A] Having met [B] To have met [C] Meeting [D] Having been met

3. 當非限定性動詞-ING的邏輯主語是-ING所表示的動作對象時要用-ING的被動形式，包括其一般形式“(not)being + -ED分詞和完成形式”(not)having been +-ED分詞“

39) Solids， liquids， and gases at rest all have a tendency to resist in motion.

[A] setting[B] to set[C] being set[D] to be set

40) Upon questioning [A] he denied having killed [B] the old woman with [C] the home-made [D] gun.

4. -ING的否定形式是把not加在-ING的前邊

41) of the change in the meeting time， Mike arrived late.

[A] Not having notified[B] Not notifying[C] Not to notify[D] Not having been notified

42) I regret hard at school.

[A] not to have worked[B] not having worked[C] not have worked[D] having not worked

九、-ING分詞的邏輯主語

1. -ING分詞除了具有動詞的特點以外，它還有名詞的特點，即可以加物主代詞(如my，your，his等)和名詞的屬格(如Wang Qing's等)來表示其邏輯主語(這時-ING的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致)

43) I suggest on an excursion this Sunday.

[A] we are going [B] to go [C] us going [D] our going

44) on a clear day， far from the city crowds， the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.

[A] If walking [B] While walking [C] Walking [D] When one is walking

45) Marta [A] being chosen [B] as the most outstanding [C] student on her campus made her parents [D] very happy.

2. 還有一種-ING分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的情況，這時直接可用“-ING分詞的主語+-ING”來表示，這樣的-ING分詞短語可由介詞引導(dǎo)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨立結(jié)構(gòu)

46) A new technique ， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

[A] to have been worked out [B] having worked out

[C] working out [D] having been worked out

47) Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office， but our work ， we declined the offer.

[A] not being finished[B] not having finished[C] had not been finished[D] was not finished

3. 如果邏輯主語已和句子主語一致，那么其邏輯主語就可省略(在使用這種用法時要注意：-ING分詞所表示的動作[ZZ(]一定[ZZ)]是主語所發(fā)出的，也就是說-ING分詞的邏輯主語[ZZ(]一定[ZZ)]是主句的主語。試比較下列句子)

Getting into the room， I smelled a terrible smell.(getting 是 I 的動作)

Getting into the room， it give a terrible smell. (錯誤)

Walking through the forest， we found many strange animals. (walking 是 we 發(fā)出的)

Walking through the forest， a lot of animals are there. (錯誤)

Looking out of the window of our hotel room， we saw zigzag mountains. (Looking的使動者是we)

Looking out of the window of our hotel room， there were zigzag mountians.(錯誤)

48) Never attempting to be a literary stylist， in her novels.

[A] she considered the plot the most important element

[B] the most important element considered to be the plot

[C] considering the plot the most important element

[D] the plot was considered to be the most important element

49) with the new method， the material does not break up easily.

[A] To have treated [B] Having treated [C] Being treated [D] Having been treated

50) Attempting to reach his home before the storm， .

[A] the bicycle of John broke down[B] it happened that John's bike broke down

[C] the storm caught John[D] John had an accident on his bicycle

4. -ING分詞的主語可以與做主語的名詞或代詞(即代詞的主格)一致，放在-ING前邊，與

-ING分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的“主謂”關(guān)系。但是，-ING分詞(還有-ED分詞)短語作狀語時，也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的“主語”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，叫做獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。在很多情況下它都相當于各種形式的狀語，表示一種伴隨的動作或情況

51) Weather ， we'll go sightseeing.

[A] permitted[B] is permitted[C] permitting[D] is permitting

52) There are four factories in our institute， .

[A] each to have over 100 workers[B] each having over 100 worders

[C] which there are over 100 workers[D] with each that has over 100 workers

53) We went to [A] the World Park， Xiao Wang act [B] as guide for [C] he had been there several times [D]。

十、習慣用法

1. There is no +-ING分詞，表示“不可能”

There is no getting along with him.(無法和他相處。)

2. It(There) is no use (good) +-ING分詞，表示“無用”= It is of no use (good) to +V：

There(It) is no use advising him to give up smoking.(勸他戒煙是徒勞的。)

3. be busy(worth)+-ING分詞 (忙于)