2016年湖北學(xué)位英語考試情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歸納復(fù)習(xí)

湖北2016年學(xué)位英語考試情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歸納復(fù)習(xí)

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成式的用法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成式主要有兩個(gè)功能：表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個(gè)方面must/mustn't，；
can/cann't；
need/needn't；
may/mayn't；
might/mightn't；
should/shouldn't；

ougtht等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成式表示的意思是有一定區(qū)別的

1.表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況。

1）must have+過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè)，譯為“（昨天）一定……”。如：

My pain __________ apparent the moment I walked into the room， for the first man I met asked sympathetically：“ Are you feeling all right？”

[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be

（答案為C）

2）can't / couldn't have+過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè)，譯為“（昨天）一定沒……”。如：

Mary __________ my letter；
otherwise she would have replied before now.

[A] couldn't have received [B] ought to have received

[C] has received [D] shouldn't have received

（答案為A）

3）may / might have +過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測(cè)，或事實(shí)上根本沒發(fā)生，譯為“也許……”。如：

At Florida Power's Crystal River plant， a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

2.表示虛擬語氣。

1）
needn't have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當(dāng)于“didn't need to do”，譯為“其實(shí)沒必要……”。如：

You needn't have come over yourself.

As it turned out to be a small house party， we __________ so formally.

[A] needn't dress up [B]did not need have dressed up

[C] did not need dress up [D] needn't have dressed up

（沒有必要穿的那么正式，體現(xiàn)是說話者的建議，實(shí)際結(jié)果是否真的穿的很正式?jīng)]有確定，答案為D）

2）
should have +過去分詞，表示應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上未做，譯為“本應(yīng)該……”should not + have過去分詞表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了，譯為“本不應(yīng)該……”。如：

I regret having left the work unfinished；
I should have planned everything ahead carefully.

我本來應(yīng)該事先認(rèn)真地把每件事情規(guī)劃的很好，但實(shí)際上作者還是沒有規(guī)劃好，以至工作沒有完成。

3）
ought to have +過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作按理該發(fā)生了，但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”，與should 的完成式含義類似。如：

Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock， which went up in smoke .

4）
could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。這點(diǎn)與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如：

What you said is right， but you could have phrased it more tactfully.

5）
may/ might have +過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實(shí)際未做，譯為“（那樣）也許會(huì)……”。如：

It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.



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