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自考“英語(yǔ)(二)”詞形變化答題技巧

2013-03-25  整編:武漢科技大學(xué)自考

來源:
湖北省教育考試院
武漢科技大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院
湖北自考網(wǎng)

1.熟練掌握動(dòng)詞詞形變化規(guī)律。注意:動(dòng)詞形式既包括謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式,如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及語(yǔ)氣(直陳、虛擬)等,虛擬語(yǔ)氣為重點(diǎn),幾年來的考題中都有這方面內(nèi)容;
也包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式。所以做動(dòng)詞的詞形變化時(shí),首先要搞清楚它在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,然后再作相應(yīng)的變化。
  2.認(rèn)真學(xué)好并熟悉課文。本題所選用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫的,其中多數(shù)來自課文,所以熟悉教材十分重要。
  3.認(rèn)真鉆研相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法講解。主要指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣\形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí),等部分。
  動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞是考試的重點(diǎn)。主要包括:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
  1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):重點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)。
  So far, Irving ______(live) in New York City for ten years. has lived
  Many a writer of newspaper articles_______(trun) to writing novels during the past decade. has turned
  Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated
  Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.
  had happened
  In the past two decades, research _____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded
  2)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài):主要掌握各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)式。
  The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, Russia, and the United States. are involved
  There __________(estimate) to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated
  3)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣:
  A.掌握非真實(shí)條件句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在主句和條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。
  If you had come earlier, you ______ (not miss) the first act of the play.
  would not have missed
  If it hadn‘t been for your help, we _____(be) in real trouble.
  would have been
  B.在表示建議、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“緊迫性”等含義的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,由“動(dòng)詞原形”或“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。 should 常常省略
  I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. (should) think
  It was imperative that students ______(finish) their papers before July 1st.
 ?。╯hould) finish
  C.動(dòng)詞wish 、would rather (sooner)、if only、as if 后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
  I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year.
  bought ( 表示從句中動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)
  She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. were
  The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before.
  had met
  If only we ______(have) a phone! I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.
  D.in case , for fear that , lest 等詞后從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為(should) + 原形。
  He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ (rain.)
  (should) rain
  E.在It is (high) time that 從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞。
  It‘s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. took
  F.時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜條件句,動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間調(diào)整。
  如果我們?cè)鐒?dòng)身,現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在雨中走了。
  If we had set out earlier,we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.
  (從句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,主句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在。)
  4)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式:
  A.動(dòng)詞不定式:主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等的用法。還要注意動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式與完成式。
  不定式作定語(yǔ):If there is no choice, there is no decision ______(make) to be made
  不定式作賓語(yǔ): Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning ________(see) . to be seen
  不定式作賓補(bǔ) I notice him _______( leave ) the classroom. leave (可省略to)
  不定式作主補(bǔ):They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day.
  to work( 不可省略to)
  We make them (to) work day and night. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),在有些動(dòng)詞后可以省略TO
  They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),不可省略TO
  B.分詞:主要考查分詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。 另外,還有現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與完成式的形式。
  分詞作定語(yǔ):Anyone ______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting
  As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals _____(use) in experiments may decrease. used
  分詞作狀語(yǔ): When ______(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. presented
  ________ (tell) that some guests were coming , she shopped all morning in the supermarket. Having been told
  Her body, with hands and feet _______(bind) , was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound
  分詞做賓補(bǔ): They may have their passports ______(remove) , making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. removed
  動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ):If you cannot understand , ask: “ Would you mind ______(rephrase) the question , please ?” rephrasing
  If we don‘t start out now, we must risk ______(miss) the train.
  missing
  形容詞副詞:
  The more time you waste, the _____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.easier
  As Jane was the _____(old) , she looked after the other children in the family. eldest
  詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:
  The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____(trick)situation .
  trick是名詞或動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~tricky
  These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____(specialize) in its function.
  specialize 是動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)把它變?yōu)樾稳菰~ specific或 special

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